The study found Liverpudlians have a “lower-than-average perception of their own wellbeing”
Researchers have announced the results of the largest ever health and lifestyle survey of cities and conurbations across Europe – including five British urban centres.
The research examined and compared the health, life expectancy and lifestyles of the populations of 26 European cities (the Euro-26) and found major differences, not only between cities, but within individual urban areas too.
The pan-European study, led in the UK by the Universities of Liverpool and Manchester, identified key priority areas for each city studied that the researchers hope policymakers will address.
In depth health and lifestyle analysis
In England’s Merseyside and Greater Manchester, for example, depression and anxiety were identified as problem areas, along with cancer and respiratory disease – both of which were higher in these conurbations than the Euro-26 average. Obesity among Liverpool and Manchester’s populations was also higher than the average of those cities studied, as was heavy drinking among the population’s youth and binge drinking among adults.
The study also showed positive aspects of urban living; Liverpudlians, for example, smoked less than the European average but had a lower-than-average perception of their own wellbeing. Mancunians ate considerably more fruit and vegetables than the average Euro-26 city; they had more green spaces to enjoy, and ate breakfast more frequently than their European counterparts.
Birmingham, Cardiff and Glasgow were the other British cities analysed. Death from respiratory disease in Birmingham was substantially higher than the Euro-26 average, although the incidence of male cancers was significantly lower. Heavy drinking and smoking among young Brummies was also well below the Euro-26 average.
In Cardiff, male cancers and deaths among women from circulatory diseases were much lower than in the other European cities studied, but depression and anxiety among adults in the Welsh capital, as well as binge drinking, were higher than the Euro-26 average. Mortality from cancers and respiratory diseases were seen as key concerns in Scotland’s largest conurbation, but drinking and smoking among young Glaswegians was, perhaps surprisingly given other recent studies, on par with the Euro-26 average.
Making urban areas work
The study, known as the European Urban Health Indicator System (EURO-URHIS 2) project and co-funded through the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme, provides an in-depth health and lifestyle analysis, as well as key policy recommendations, for each of the 26 European cities and beyond.
The 26 cities and conurbations are: Amsterdam, Birmingham, Bistrita, Bordeaux, Bratislava, Cardiff, Craiova, Glasgow, Greater Manchester, Iasi, Kaunas, Koln, Kosice, Liepaja, Ljubljana, Maribor, Merseyside, Montpellier, Oberhausen, Oslo, Riga, Siauliai, Skopje, Tetova, Tromso and Utrecht.
Dr Christopher Birt, from the University of Liverpool, said: “Networks and public health advocacy is vital if we are to make our urban areas work for our populations in the future. Policy makers and researchers need to work together, with the best evidence, to reduce inequalities and improve health.”
Dr Daniel Pope, also from the University of Liverpool, said: “The results of our research show that policy makers are keen to use and learn about the tools we have created such as the profiles, healthy life expectancy and future trends, tools to help prioritise policies, urban health impact assessment and screening tools.”
Widening gap between urban rich and poor
Project coordinator Dr Arpana Verma, from The University of Manchester, said: “The gap between the rich and poor living in urban areas across the world is widening. The urban poor are now worse off than the rural poor. Health inequalities are a greater issue than ever before and it’s becoming increasingly important for policymakers to take the valuable information that we have to offer and translate into policies that can help improve our health.
“The European Urban Health Conference highlights these disparities and demonstrated effective tools that policymakers can use to improve health for all. Comparison within cities and between cities is becoming an area of interest to researchers, policymakers and the populations they serve. We will shortly launch our website with our preliminary results, including the differences we have seen. By highlighting these differences, we can learn from each other to make our cities healthier, and empower the citizens of Europe.”
The findings of the research were presented at the European Urban Health Conference. The findings of the research will shortly be published on the URHIS website.
The key findings for each individual city involved in the research can be accessed here.